Any Two Industrial Plants

1. Tea:-

Botanical Name:- Camellia sinensis Syn. Thea sinensis

Family:- Theaceae

Economic Importance:-

> It is the most common non-alcoholic beverage, used by more than one-half of the world’s population.

> It is obtained from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis, a native of Assam or China.

> Tea plant is a small shrub with leathery, lanceolate leaves having serrate margin and many oil glands.

> A volatile oil, tannin (13 to 18%), and an alkaloid theine (2-5%), are present in tea.

> Tea leaves, when infused in hot water, dissolve their alkaloid and oil, and the beverage thus resulted has a stimulating effect. If boiled for a longer period, tannin dissolves making the beverage less beneficial.

> India is a leading tea-exporting country.

> For preparing green tea, the leaves are steamed and dried without fermenting, while for black tea the leaves are withered, rolled, fermented and dried.

> Tannins of tea waste are used in plywood industry.

> Assam, Darjeeling, Nilgiris, Dehradun and Kumaon are the main tea-producing regions in India.

2. Coffee:-

Botanical Names:- Coffea arabica (Arabian Coffee); C. canepbora syn. C. robusta (Congo Coffee); C. liberica (Liberian Coffee).

Family:- Rubiaceae

Economic Importance:-

> It is an important non-alcoholic beverage, like tea.

> More than 90% coffee is obtained from the berries of Coffea arabica.

> Coffee beans are roasted for developing the aroma, flavour and colour and finally ground before they reach to the consumer.

> “Beans” contain caffeine (0.75 to 1.5%), a volatile oil, glucose, dextrins, proteins and a fatty oil.

> Caffeine provide stimulating effect while the volatile oil (caffeole) is responsible for aroma and flavour.

> Leaves and fruits of Coffee also contain some alkaloids.

> In India, C. arabica is grown in Nilgiris and Kamataka.

> Seeds of C. canepbora (syn. C. robusta), a robust evergreen shrub, are used in making “instant coffee”.